Ukutshaja kwe-EV kuza nemingeni.

Ukutshaja ecaleni kwesitrato kuza nemingeni emininzi.Kolunye, ezi ntlobo zeetshaja zicotha ngokubanzi, zithatha naphi na phakathi kweeyure ezintathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ukuze "unyuse" ngokupheleleyo i-EV.Bakwaxhomekeke kubume obumnandi obusenza ubomi besixeko-ukuba iilori ezininzi, izithuthuthu, okanye iisedan zipakwe kwibhloko, i-EV ayizukwazi ukuhambelana netshaja ekhoyo.Ke kukho umba we-ICE-ing: Yiloo nto abaqhubi be-EV abayibiza ngayo xa imoto enenjini eqhelekileyo yangaphakathi yokutshisa ihogi indawo yokutshaja.“Ukupaka esitratweni ngokuqinisekileyo kungumngeni,” utshilo u-Anne Smart, usekela mongameli womgaqo-nkqubo woluntu eChargePoint, inkampani eyakha kwaye ifakele iitshaja zezithuthi zombane.“Sifumene iindawo zokupaka zenza indlela engcono yokutshaja.”Inkampani yakhe, kunye nezinye ezise-US ezifana neGreenlots kunye ne-Electrify America, ziye zadibana neevenkile ezinkulu zasedolophini kunye namaziko okuthenga ukuze kwakhiwe iitshaja ngaphandle kweevenkile.

Nangona kunjalo, kulula kakhulu ukuba abantu bahlawule ekhaya.Kodwa abaqeshisi kunye nabanini be-condo banesiqinisekiso esincinci sokuba indawo yabo elandelayo iya kuba netshaja, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubo ukutsala i-trigger kwi-EV.Ke izixeko ezininzi kunye namazwe asebenza ngendlela yokuqinisekisa abaphuhlisi bezindlu kunye nabaphathi ukuba bathenge kwinkqubo engaqhelekanga nebiza kakhulu yokuzifaka.I-Los Angeles ibonelela ngesaphulelo kubaphathi ababeka izikhululo zokutshaja kwiindawo zabo zokuhlala, kwaye ihlaziya iikhowudi zayo zokwakha ukuze ifune iitshaja kulwakhiwo olutsha.“I-Los Angeles sisixeko sabaqeshi ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into, ke kufuneka siluqonde ngokwenene olo xinzelelo kunye nezisombululo ekufuneka sizinike,” utshilo uLauren Faber O'Connor, igosa eliyintloko lozinzo esixekweni.

Enye inketho kukuguqula izikhululo zegesi ukuba zibonelele ngombane endaweni yoko.Ezi zithuba ziza kubonelela ngohlobo olukhawulezayo lwetshaja kubaqhubi abafuna ukonyuswa ngokukhawuleza.(Zikwathanda ukubiza kakhulu ukuzifaka nokusetyenziswa kwazo.) “Umcelimngeni ngoku ngowokuba, ngaba ungaba nokwaneleyo kwezi zikhululo zokutshaja zikhupha umbane ngesantya esiphezulu?”ubuza uMichael Kintner-Meyer, injineli yophando kunye nomhlalutyi weenkqubo kwi-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, ofunda igridi yamandla.

I-Revel, inkampani eqhuba izithuthi zombane kunye neemoto ezikhwelayo, ilandela iqhinga lokutshaja elahlukileyo.EBrooklyn, inkampani yakha “i-superhub”—indawo yokupaka engenanto enetshaja ezikhawulezayo ezingama-25.(Ezinye iinkampani zenze iiprojekthi ezifanayo kwizixeko zaseYurophu nezaseTshayina.) Inani elikhulu leetshaja kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba abaqhubi baya kukwazi ukuhlawulisa xa befuna, utsho uPaul Suhey, igosa eliyintloko lokusebenza kweRevel.Ukufumana izithuba ezitsha zezi hubs kwindawo exineneyo njengesiXeko saseNew York kuya kuhlala kungumngeni, kodwa uSuhey uthi iRevel iceba ukuhlala ubhetyebhetye, ithathela ingqalelo iigaraji zokupaka kunye neendawo ezininzi kufutshane neendawo zokuthenga ezinkulu."Eyokuqala kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo isithintelo yigridi," utsho."Eyona nto iqhuba yonke into esiyenzayo."

NGENENE, ingxaki yokuTSHAJA idlulela ngaphaya kweplagi.Kufuneka uqwalasele igridi yamandla nayo.Izinto eziluncedo zigcina ibhalansi yobonelelo kunye nemfuno ngokuvelisa malunga nobuninzi bombane osetyenziswayo.Ngamafutha efosili kulula ngokwaneleyo: Ukuba imfuno yespikes, iiplanti zombane zinokutshisa amafutha amaninzi.Kodwa izinto ezihlaziywayo ziyenza nzima imicimbi kuba imithombo yazo imane isithi gqi—umoya awusoloko ubhudla kwaye nelanga alisoloko likhanya.Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, eyona mfuno iphezulu idla ngorhatya xa abantu bebuyela ekhaya balayite izixhobo zombane kunye neeplagi kwii-EVs, kanye njengoko ilanga litshona.

Ii-EVs zinokunceda ukuzinzisa imfuno.Ngokusasazwa ngcono kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja, abanye abanini basaza kuhlawulisa iimoto zabo ekhaya ngobusuku, kodwa abanye banokuzihlawulisa emsebenzini, kwindawo yokupaka egqunywe ngeepaneli zelanga.Abanye baya kuzifakela kwivenkile ethengisa ukutya okanye kwindawo eyayifudula iyindawo yokutha ipetroli.Oku kuya kusasaza ngokulinganayo ngakumbi imfuno yethutyana, ngakumbi ngokuyityhala kwiiyure zasemini xa kukho amandla amaninzi elanga kwigridi.

Kwaye ngembuyekezo, ii-EVs zinokuba ziibhetri ezifunwa yigridi ukuze ungene kuyo.Masithi iimoto ezili-100 zihleli kwindawo yokupaka yenkampani ngobusuku, zihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo.Imfuno ifikelela kumgama ozimayile ezimbalwa ukunqumla idolophu—kodwa kumnyama, amandla elanga akafumaneki.Endaweni yoko, amandla anokuhamba ukusuka kwezo EVs ziplagiwe ukuya apho zifuneka khona.

Iimoto ezihlawulweyo zinokungena ukuxhasa igridi ngexesha likaxakeka, njengokusilela kombane okulandele umkhenkce waseTexas kubusika obudlulileyo.“Banokuba kunye njengesixhobo sombane esibonakalayo,” utsho uPatricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez, umlawuli weLebhu yaMandla aVuselelekayo kunye neLebhu yeMathematika ekwinqanaba eliphezulu e-UC San Diego."Banokuthi babonelele ngesi sipeleyo sinaso ngamaxesha onke emini, silungele ukukhaba ngalo lonke ixesha igridi ifuna olu hlobo lwenkxaso."

Ukuba abaqhubi begridi banokuxhaphaza ii-EV ezingasebenziyo, abayi kunyanzeleka ukuba bachithe imali eninzi kwiibhetri ukugcina amandla kaxakeka.UHidalgo-Gonzalez uthi: "Sibone ukonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 yeepesenti kwiindleko ezipheleleyo zokusebenzisa igridi yombane.“Kuyamangalisa ke oko.Oko kuya kusisindisa ekufakeni izixa ezikhulu zokugcina, ukuba sinokusebenzisa ugcino esinalo kwiimoto zombane.”

Ngokuqinisekileyo, yintoni eyona nto ingcono kakhulu kwigridi-kunye nabahlali besixeko-imfuno engaphantsi kombane ngokupheleleyo.Iziseko ezingcono zokutshaja ziya kukhuthaza umgangatho womoya ongcono;emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ii-EVs azitshisi ikhabhoni kunye neenxalenye.Kodwa ukubeka wonke umhlali kwimoto yakhe akukho nto intle.Kwenza mandundu ukuxinana kweemoto, kuyingozi kubahambi ngeenyawo, kwaye kuthoba imfuno yohambo loluntu.

Kodwa mhlawumbi akufuneki ube ne-EV ukuze uyonwabele.Ngokomzekelo, uKintner-Meyer, unombono weenkampani zokukhwela izichotho ezibandakanya izithuthi zombane, ezinokuthi zipakwe kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ezisembindini, apho zihlawulisa ngeepaneli zelanga de zilandwe ngumqhubi okanye zihanjiswe ngokuzimeleyo.(Enyanisweni, u-Uber noLyft bathembise ukuba baya kutshintshela kumbane ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi-kwaye abanye oorhulumente bafuna ukuba benze njalo.) Enye inketho: faka umbane kwiibhasi kunye noololiwe, kwaye uqinisekise abantu basezidolophini ukuba balahle iimoto zabucala ngokupheleleyo.“Izithuthi zikawonke-wonke zikwelinye icala lengqekembe,” utsho uFaber O'Connor, igosa lase-LA.I-arhente yezothutho yesixeko iguqule umgca omnye ukuya kwiibhasi zombane zonke, kwaye iceba ukusebenzisa iimoto ezikhupha i-zero kuphela ngo-2030. Fumana abantu basezidolophini ukuba baxhume kwibhasi (yombane), kwaye abayi kuba naxhala lokutshaja konke. .